Feed Intake and Feed Conversion Efficiency of Growing SEAG Fed on Mature Green Pods of Acacia brevispica, A. mellifera and A.  tortilis Processed Differently as Supplements

P Arap Mutai; S Ronoh; A Nandwa

P Arap Mutai University of Eldoret, Eldoret
S Ronoh University of Eldoret, Eldoret
A Nandwa University of Eldoret, Eldoret

Keywords: Acacia species, nutritive value, Tannin, Processing effects, Goats

Abstract

Kenya has about 52 speciesof acacia which possess tannins. Little effort has been made toprocess the acacia species pods to add value to their nutritional potential. It is in this aspect that the study intended to assess the Feed Intake (FI) and Feed Conversion Efficiency (FCE)of growing Small East Africa Goats fed on mature green pods of Acacia brevispi ca, melliferaand tortilis processed differently as supplements in Emining ward within Mogotio SubCounty in Baringo County, Kenya A total of 20 bucks 4-5 months old weighing 12kg±1.05 were purchased. They were blocked according to their live weights and randomly allocated tofive treatments in a Randomized Complete Block design. Deworming was done prior to datacollection. The five treatments were; T1 (fresh mature green pods of Acacia sp. Untreated, T2(green Acacia sp. pods - shade dried for 48 hours), T3 (green pods of Acacia sp sun dried for48 hours), T4 (green pods of Acacia sp. soaked in wood ash mixed with water for 48 hours, and T5 (negative control-basal diet of Rhodes grass Hay-Chloris gayana mixed with wheat brand (3:1)). All the bucks in all the treatments were fed on the same basal diet of 400grams. FI was recorded daily and Average Weight Gain taken fortnightly for a period of threemonths. Data obtained was fed to Stratigraphic Centurion XVII and subjected to Analysis of Variance. A. tortilis pods processed differently was taken in large amounts when processed in alkaline (416.50±6.50 gm, (p<0.05). Initial weight of the SEAG did not differ prior to feeding(p>0.05). For control, Shade dried, Sun dried and Alkali treatment, A. tortilis ponds resultedto the highest weight (p<0.05). Bucks fed on Acacia tortilis- alkali-treated-pods resulted in best Average Daily Gain (p<0.05). Highest FCE was recorded in Acacia tortilis treated in alkali p<0.05) which had the lowest FCR. In conclusion based on the results of the current study, Acacia tortilis showed the overall best performance in most of parameters tested. Toreduce the harmful effects of tannins in tanniniferous forages, the alkali technique of tanninreduction in acacia species pods should be used.

Article Views and Downloands Counter

Download data is not yet available.

References

Addisu, S. (2016). Effect of dietary tannin source feeds on ruminal fermentation and production of cattle: A review. Online J. Anim. Feed Res, 6(2), 45-56.

Alders, R. G., Campbell, A., Costa, R., Guèye, E. F., Ahasanul Hoque, M., Perezgrovas

Garza, R., & Wingett, K. (2021). Livestock across the world: diverse animal species with complex roles in human societies and ecosystem services. Animal Frontiers, 11(5), 20-29.

Crawford, C. D., Mata-Padrino, D. J., Belesky, D. P., & Bowdridge, S. A. (2020). Effects of supplementation containing rumen by-pass protein on parasitism in grazing lambs. Small Ruminant Research, 190, 106161.

Dong, L., Li, B., & Diao, Q. (2019). Effects of dietary forage proportion on feed intake,growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and enteric methane emissions of Holstein heifers at various growth stages. Animals, 9(10), 725.

Fanzo, J. (2014). Strengthening the engagement of food and health systems to improve nutrition security: Synthesis and overview of approaches to address malnutrition. Global Food Security, 3(3-4), 183-192.

Herremans, S., Vanwindekens, F., Decruyenaere, V., Beckers, Y., & Froidmont, E. (2020). Effect of dietary tannins on milk yield and composition, nitrogen partitioning and nitrogen use efficiency of lactating dairy cows: A meta‐analysis. Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition, 104(5), 1209-1218.

Kamo, T., Takemura, T., Wasano, N., Fujii, Y., & Hiradate, S. (2012). Quantification of cyanamide in young seedlings of vicia species, lens culinaris, and robinia pseudoacacia by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Bioscience,biotechnology,and biochemistry, 76(7), 1416-1418.

Kaushish, S. K. (2019). Sheep production in tropics and subtropics. Scientific Publishers.

Kremp, A., Godhe, A., Egardt, J., Dupont, S., Suikkanen, S., Casabianca, S., & Penna, A.(2012). Intraspecific variability in the response of bloom‐forming marine microalgae to changed climate conditions. Ecology and Evolution, 2(6), 1195-1207.

Lawa, E. D. W., Marjuki, M., Hartutik, H., & Chuzaemi, S. (2017). Effect of white kabesak (Acacia leucophloea Roxb) leaves level in the diet on feed intake and body weight gain of kacang goat. Journal of Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture, 42(4), 255-262.

MacAdam, J. W., & Villalba, J. J. (2015). Beneficial effects of temperate forage legumes that contain condensed tannins. Agriculture, 5(3), 475-491.

Mlambo, V., & Mapiye, C. (2015). Towards household food and nutrition security in semi-arid areas: What role for condensed tannin-rich ruminant feedstuffs? Food Research International, 76, 953-961.

Mutai, A. P., Nandwa, A., Ronoh, S., Sergon, P., Oliech, O. G., Yator, M., Koech, K. J.(2022). Nutritive Value, Tannin Bioassay and Processing Effects of Acaciabrevispica, A. mellifera and A. tortilis pods as potential supplements for growing Small East African Goats (SEAGs) in Baringo County-Kenya. Africa Journal of Education Science and Technology 7(1). https://www.ajest.info/index.php/ajest/article/view/760

Muteng'e, M. S. (2021). Evaluation of cactus (opuntia ficus-indica) and prosopis juliflora as potential supplementary feed resources for livestock in drought-prone areas of Kenya. Doctoral Dissertation. Egerton University.

Navarro Ortiz, C. A., & Roa Vega, M. L. (2020). Determination of in vitro digestibility of forage species used in ruminant feeding. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 52(6), 3045-3059.

Oba, G. (2012). Harnessing pastoralists' indigenous knowledge for range land management: three African case studies. Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice, 2(1), 1-25.

Omoyo, N. N., Wakhungu, J., & Oteng’i, S. (2015). Effects of climate variability on maize yield in the arid and semi-arid lands of lower eastern Kenya. Agriculture & Food Security, 4(1), 1-13.

Patra, A. K., & Saxena, J. (2011). Exploitation of dietary tannin to improve rumen metabolism and ruminant nutrition. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 91(1), 24-37.

Paul, A. A., Kumar, S., Kumar, V., & Sharma, R. (2020). Milk Analog: Plant based alternatives to conventional milk, production, potential and health concerns. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 60(18), 3005-3023.

Piluzza, G., Sulas, L., & Bullitta, S. (2014). Tannin in forage plants and their role in animal husbandry and environmental sustainability: A review. Grass and Forage Science, 69(1), 32-48.

Raza, A., Bashir, S., & Tabassum, R. (2019). An update on carbohydrates: growth performance and intestinal health of poultry. Heliyon, 5(4), e01437.

Steinfeld, H., Gerber, P., Wassenaar, T. D., Castel, V., Rosales, M., Rosales, M., & de Haan,C. (2006). Livestock's long shadow: environmental issues and options. Food & Agriculture Org.

Sujkowska-Rybkowska, M., Kasowska, D., Gediga, K., Banasiewicz, J., & Stępkowski, T.(2020). Lotus corniculatus-rhizobia symbiosis under Ni, Co and Cr stress on ultramafic soil. Plant and Soil, 451(1), 459-484.

Tadele, Y. (2015). Important anti-nutritional substances and inherent toxicants of feeds. Food science and Quality Management, 36, 40-47.

Tufarelli, V., & Laudadio, V. (2011). Dietary supplementation with selenium and vitamin E improves milk yield, composition and rheological properties of dairy Jonica goats. Journal of dairy research, 78(2), 144-148.

Uguru, C., Lakpini, C. A. M., Akpa, G. N., & Bawa, G. S. (2014). Nutritional potential of acacia (Acacia nilotica (l.) del.) pods for growing Red Sokoto goats. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 7(6), 43-49.